Chapitre 2 : Unités (Chapitre 2 Units.pdf)
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Chapitre 2 : Units 7 Unités SI : Length – meter Mass- kilogram Time –second Electric current –ampere –A Thermodynamic temperature –kelvin –K Amount of substance –mole –mol Luminous intensity –candela –cd Découle 22 dérivées de ces unités. Préfixes pour facteur : 24 21 18 15 12 9 6 3 10 : yotta Y 10 :zetta Z 10 :exa E 10 :peta P 10 :tera T 10 :giga G 10 :mega M 10 :kilo k -6 -9 -12 -15 -18 -21 -24 10 :micro 10 : nano 10 :pico 10 : femto 10 : atto 10 : zepto 10 :yocto Temperature: °C = (°F -32)5/9 et K=°C + 273.16 Linear measurement –length : o 1 inch : 2.54 cm o 1 foot = 12 inches o 1 yard = 3 feet o 1 fathom = 6 feet o 1 knot =15.43m o 1cable = 1/10 nm = 100 fathoms o 1 nautical mile = 1852 m o Shackle = 15 fathom = unit used to express the length of chain to be used when anchoring Baselines, international and national waters Baseline à partir d’où the territorial seas are measured (low water line : ligne définit à marée basse). National waters : waters subject to the territorial sovereignty of coastal and island nations, with certain navigable rights reserved to the international community. 1. Internal waters: landward of baseline 2. Territorial seas: generally 12nm from baseline 3. Archipelagic waters: groupings of islands, base line around. International waters: seaward of territorial seas, freedom of navigation and over-flight. 1. Contiguous zones (zone avoisinante): nation has right to control, prevent, or punish infringments of its customs, fiscal, immigration and sanitary laws -> 24 nm or less 2. Exclusive Economic Zone: nation controls natural resources of water and seabed -> 200nm or less 3. High seas: seaward of EEZ or territorial waters 4. Continental shelf: out to continental shelf or 200nm. Nation has sovereign rights of exploration/exploitation of natural resources of seabed and subsoil. 5. Safety zone: upto 500m around installation on continental shelf to provide for safe navigation 6. Security zone: a non-recognized zone that limits operations of military units beyond the territorial seas. Nautical mile: most important nautical linear measurement = the lengths of 1 minute of arc measured on the meridian of the observer, so it varies with the latitude caused by the flattening of the earth. Approximation: the length of one minute of arc of a meridian measured at 45° latitude. Meridien measures 40000km donc un nm = 1852m. (known as the ‘international nautical mile’ since 1929) Volume: o 1 US barrel = 158.987 liter o 1 cubic meter = 6.28981 US barrel Units of density o Density, it is a measure of mass per unit volume (SI: kg / m3 ) the most useful : kg/l o True density: weight per unit of volume in vaccum o Apparent density: weight per unit of volume in air o Density and volume change with the temperature Weight = force o Mass= measure of the quantity of material in a body o Weight = force with which a body is attracted to the earth and varies from place to place with the acceleration of gravity. o Weight = Mass * g (9.81) o The weight in air is often converted to weight in vacuum o Archimedes’ ations: chaque pièce qui est immerge ds un liquid a une force qui est égal au volume d’eau déplacé par le navire -> important pour la limite de transport, poids = force d’archimède
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