Tutorial Translating motion 2D .pdf

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CAD Package for Electromagnetic and Thermal
Analysis using Finite Elements

FLUX 10
®

2D Application
Tutorial of translating
motion

Copyright – Juillet 2009

FLUX is registered mark.

FLUX software
FLUX2D tutorials

: COPYRIGHT CEDRAT/INPG/CNRS/EDF
: COPYRIGHT CEDRAT

This tutorial was updated on 2 July 2009
Ref.: K205-A-10-EN-07/09

CEDRAT
15 Chemin de Malacher - Zirst
38246 MEYLAN Cedex
FRANCE
Phone: +33 (0)4 76 90 50 45
Fax: +33 (0)4 56 38 08 30
Email: cedrat@cedrat.com
Web: http://www.cedrat.com

CONVENTIONS USED

To make this tutorial easier to read, we use the following typeface conventions:
• All comments are written in the same way as this sentence.
• All dialog text between the user and FLUX2D is written in courier font:
Name of the region to be created:
magnet ↵
Colour of this region:
<M>AGENTA
Select a surface or a menu item:
<Q>uit
[q]uit ↵
Below are presented the conventions used for the dialog between the user and FLUX2D:
Italic text
Bold text ↵
magnet ↵
[q]uit ↵
<B>old text
<M>AGENTA

Messages or questions displayed on the screen by FLUX2D.
User input to FLUX2D, such as the coordinates of a point.
The ↵ character symbolizes the Return/Enter key.
You only have to enter enough of the response to remove any ambiguity
between the response you want and other valid ones. In which case enter the
character shown in square brackets [ ].
FLUX2D menu input. Make a selection by clicking on the menu item with
the mouse or, if there is no ambiguity, by entering the first character of the
word (shown in angled brackets < >).

<COILR>
FLUX2D graphical input, such as selecting a line or a point.

↵

The reply is by default. To enter a default response, simply press the
Return/Enter key.

- REMARK The files corresponding to different cases studied in this tutorial are available
in the folder:

\DocExamples10.3\Examples2D\TranslatingMotion
The correspondent applications are ready to be solved. This allows you to
adapt this tutorial to your needs.
• If you are not familiar with FLUX2D yet, we advise you to run through this
entire tutorial and to refer, if necessary to the given cases.
• If you are already a FLUX2D user, we advise you to redo only
the PREFLUX 2D, SOLVER_2D and POSTPRO_2D sections, in order to
discover the new possibilities of FLUX2D.

FLUX2D®10

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. REALIZED STUDY ......................................................................................................3
2. GEOMETRY ................................................................................................................5
2.1

Regions ........................................................................................................................8

2.2

Mesh ............................................................................................................................9

2.3

Materials.....................................................................................................................11

2.4

Sources ......................................................................................................................12

2.5

Boundary conditions...................................................................................................12

3. PREFLUX 2D: ENTERING THE GEOMETRY, THE MESH AND THE
PHYSIC ..................................................................................................................... 15
3.1

Starting FLUX2D ........................................................................................................15

3.2

Starting PREFLUX 2D................................................................................................18

3.3

Entering the geometry................................................................................................21

3.4

Activating the Geometry command ............................................................................22

3.5

Create geometric tools ...............................................................................................24

3.6

Create the fixed part of the magnetic core .................................................................30

3.7

Create the moveable part of the magnetic core .........................................................43

3.8

Create translating airgap and displacement regions ..................................................47

3.9

Create the domain......................................................................................................53

3.10

Building the mesh.......................................................................................................58

3.11

Construct the mesh ....................................................................................................79

3.12

Creating the regions and assign physical properties .................................................84

3.13

Creating the TRA file................................................................................................116

3.14

Saving data and leaving PREFLUX 2D....................................................................117

4. SOLVER_2D: SOLVE THE PROBLEM ................................................................... 119
4.1

Choosing the problem ..............................................................................................119

4.2

Define a parameter ..................................................................................................120

4.3

Activate the parameterization tools ..........................................................................120

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PAGE A

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FLUX2D®10

4.4

Parameterize the CORE position............................................................................. 121

4.5

Run the solver.......................................................................................................... 126

5. POSTPRO_2D: ANALYZE THE RESULTS .............................................................127
5.1

Starting POSTPRO_2D ........................................................................................... 127

5.2

Choosing the problem.............................................................................................. 127

5.3

Display the results ................................................................................................... 129

5.4

Visualize the color-shaded plot of flux density ......................................................... 131

5.5

Curves and vectors of the magnetic flux density ..................................................... 133

5.6

Compute local and global quantities ........................................................................ 142

5.7

Leave POSTPRO_2D .............................................................................................. 148

6. ELECTRIFLUX: CONSTRUCT THE SUPPLY CIRCUIT..........................................151
6.1

About ELECTRIFLUX .............................................................................................. 151

6.2

Start ELECTRIFLUX ................................................................................................ 152

6.3

Create a new circuit ................................................................................................. 152

6.4

Name the circuit....................................................................................................... 153

6.5

Construct the electric circuit..................................................................................... 153

6.6

About the ELECTRIFLUX graphic display ............................................................... 158

6.7

Leave ELECTRIFLUX.............................................................................................. 160

7. PREFLUX 2D: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES FOR TRANSIENT MAGNETIC..............161
7.1

Start PREFLUX 2D .................................................................................................. 161

7.2

Creating the TRA file ............................................................................................... 176

7.3

Saving data and leaving PREFLUX 2D ................................................................... 177

8. PREPARE THE SOLVING PROCESS ....................................................................178
9. SOLVER_2D: SOLVE THE PROBLEM ...................................................................182
9.1

Choosing the problem.............................................................................................. 182

9.2

Define a parameter .................................................................................................. 184

9.3

Run the solver.......................................................................................................... 192

10. POSTPRO_2D: ANALYZE THE RESULTS .............................................................196

PAGE B

10.1

Starting POSTPRO_2D ........................................................................................... 196

10.2

Choosing the problem.............................................................................................. 197

10.3

Time variation of the current in the coil .................................................................... 198

10.4

Time variation of the mechanical quantities............................................................. 203

10.5

Time variation of the magnetic flux and of the inductance of the coil ...................... 211

10.6

Leave POSTPRO_2D .............................................................................................. 216

TUTORIAL OF TRANSLATING MOTION

FLUX2D®10

PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY

PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY

TUTORIAL OF TRANSLATING MOTION

PAGE 1

PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY

PAGE 2

FLUX2D®10

TUTORIAL OF TRANSLATING MOTION

FLUX2D®10

PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY
REALIZED STUDY

1. REALIZED STUDY

The aim of this tutorial is to get familiarized with the use of the translating motion feature of FLUX
software – section Flux2D. The tutorial deals with the study of the cylindrical electromagnet of an
electrovalve, with a conical airgap, in two different cases:
Case 1
Case 2

: the initial and final positions of the mobile core of the electromagnet, for
the value NI = 1800 A⋅turns of the total current in the coil;
: the study of dynamic behavior of the electromagnet when the coil is
DC constant voltage of U = 24 V supplied and the motion of the
mobile core is determined by both electromagnetic force and the force of
a spring;

Symmetry
axis
Upper
displacement
area (DEPLT
region)

Translating
airgap
(TAG region)
CORE
AIR
COIL

AIR_MOBILE

MAGCIR
Lower
displacement
area (DEPLT
region

MAGCIR

TUTORIAL OF TRANSLATING MOTION

Shell airgap
(LINAG
region)

PAGE 3

PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY
REALIZED STUDY

FLUX2D®10

In Case 1, you will learn the commands for FLUX modules:
- PREFLUX 2D: definition of the geometry, building of the mesh and assignment of physical
properties
- SOLVER_2D: solving of the problem
- POSTPRO_2D: analysis of the results
Case 2 differs from case 1 by the supply of the coil, the presence of spring attached to the core and
by the type of the application, which is of transient magnetic type. You simply need to create the
supply circuit and redefine the physical properties using the following modules:
ELECTRIFLUX
PREFLUX 2D
SOLVER_2D
POSTPRO_2D

PAGE 4

:
:
:
:

creating the supply circuit
assignment of the physical properties
solving of the problem
analysis of the results

TUTORIAL OF TRANSLATING MOTION

FLUX2D®10

PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY
GEOMETRY

2. GEOMETRY

The geometry of the electromagnet is described in millimeters [mm]. The SECT geometric
parameter allows us to modify the thickness of the upper and lateral zones of the fixed magnetic
core region called MAGCIR.
The INFINITE region is used to extend the study domain up to infinity. The points and lines of the
INFINITE region are automatically created by FLUX.
3.5
0.5

15

17

8

SECT
60
11.5

8

SECT/2
3

3
45

47 62

9.5
7
3

13

1

2

17.5
32

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FLUX2D®10

PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY
GEOMETRY

The geometry includes two coordinate systems, one immobile, called AXI_SYMMETRIC and
another mobile, called MOBILE, that are related through the DIST parameter.
The symmetry:
Type of symmetry
Versus Y-axis

Offset
X

Offset value (mm)
0

The infinite box:
Type of
infinite box
Disc

Dimension of infinite box (mm)
Internal radius
External radius
75
110

The geometrical parameters are:
Name of the
parameters
SECT
DIST

Description

Values (mm)

Thickness of the upper part of fixed
magnetic circuit, MAGCIR
Distance between mobile and
immobile coordinate systems

8
0 ; - 6.5

The coordinate systems are:
Name

Type of
system

AXI_SYMMETRIC GLOBAL
MOBILE
LOCAL

Coordinate
Type of
system of
coordinates
definition
Cartesian
AXI_SYMMETRIC Cartesian

X (mm)

Y (mm)

Rot Z (°)

0
0

0
DIST

0
0

Coordinates of the points defining the MAGCIR region in the AXI_SYMMETRIC
coordinate system
X (mm)
5
3
3
32
32
32
15
15
32 - SECT/2
32 - SECT/2
14.5
14.5
32

Y (mm)
- 20.5
- 20.5
- 31
- 31
- 24
23 + SECT
23 + SECT
23
23
- 24
- 24
- 11
23

Coordinates of the points defining the COIL region in the AXI_SYMMETRIC

PAGE 6

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FLUX2D®10

PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY
GEOMETRY

coordinate system
X (mm)
25
17
17
25

Y (mm)
- 23
- 23
22
22

Coordinates of the points defining the CORE region in the MOBILE coordinate system
X (mm)
5
3
3
8
14.5
14.5
8

Y (mm)
- 13.5
- 13.5
26
46.5
46.5
-4
31.5

Coordinates of the points defining the displacement region DEPLT
in the AXI_SYMMETRIC coordinate system
X (mm)
0
0
0
0
14.5
8

Y (mm)
- 20.5
- 13.5
46.5
50
50
50

Coordinates of the points defining the translating airgap region TAG
in the AXI_SYMMETRIC coordinate system
X (mm)
15
15

Y (mm)
50
- 11

Coordinates of the points defining the INFINITE region in the AXI_SYMMETRIC
coordinate system
X (mm)
0
0
75
110
0
0

TUTORIAL OF TRANSLATING MOTION

Y (mm)
- 75
- 110
0
0
75
110

PAGE 7

PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY
GEOMETRY

FLUX2D®10

2.1 Regions
The computation domain of the magnetic field consists of seven surface regions and one line region
Regions
MAGCIR
CORE
COIL
TAG
DEPLT
LINAG
AIR
AIR_MOBILE
INFINITE

PAGE 8

Description
The fixed parts of the magnetic circuit
The mobile part of the magnetic circuit
The coil of the electromagnet
Translating airgap, special region between the mobile and
fixed parts of the computation domain
Two areas of the displacement region (upper and lower)
The airgap of the fixed magnetic core (line region)
Air surrounding the device
Mobile air surrounding the device
Special region for modeling open boundary problems

TUTORIAL OF TRANSLATING MOTION

FLUX2D®10

PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY
GEOMETRY

2.2 Mesh
The mapped and automatic mesh generators are used to mesh the computation domain of the
magnetic field.
•

The mapped mesh generator is used in:
upper and lower displacement areas;
lateral part of the MAGCIR region.

The three distinct areas are meshed by quadrangular elements.

19 x 3

Upper displacement area
•

3x6
13 x 6
3x6
Lower displacement area

The other surfaces are meshed using the mesh point and mesh line generators. For most of the
cases of meshing we will use point mesh and elsewhere we use arithmetic mesh line.

TUTORIAL OF TRANSLATING MOTION

PAGE 9

FLUX2D®10

PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY
GEOMETRY

Zoom 1

Zoom 2

Zoom 1: Mesh of the upper DEPLT area

PAGE 10

Zoom 2: Mesh of the lower DEPLT area

TUTORIAL OF TRANSLATING MOTION

FLUX2D®10

PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY
GEOMETRY

2.3 Materials
The problem that we are going to study contains the following materials:
•

An isotropic nonlinear magnetic material called STEEL in the CORE and MAGCIR regions.
The material is defined by an analytical magnetization curve B(H) with:
magnetic flux density at saturation
slope relative to the origin

Bs = 1.9 T
µr = 500

B [T]

Bs

Slope

H [A/m]

The solid conductor behavior of the magnetic core is considered in this tutorial; consequently, the
model of STEEL material considers also the value ρ = 0.2e-6 Ωm for the resistivity.
• AIR region as well as the COIL region have the properties of vacuum.

TUTORIAL OF TRANSLATING MOTION

PAGE 11

PART A: DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY
GEOMETRY

FLUX2D®10

2.4 Sources
In Case 1 the coil is supplied by a total current of 1800 A.
In Case 2 the coil of 225 turns is supplied by a DC voltage source of 24 V. The electrical resistance
of the coil is 3 Ω.

2.5 Boundary conditions
Along the symmetry axis and at infinity a Dirichlet condition is imposed, corresponding to null
value of the local magnetic flux.

PAGE 12

TUTORIAL OF TRANSLATING MOTION

FLUX2D®10

PART B: EXPLANATION OF CASE 1

PART B: EXPLANATION OF CASE 1

TUTORIAL OF TRANSLATING MOTION

PAGE 13

PART B: EXPLANATION OF CASE 1

PAGE 14

FLUX2D®10

TUTORIAL OF TRANSLATING MOTION

FLUX2D®10

PART B: EXPLANATION OF CASE 1
PREFLUX 2D: ENTERING THE GEOMETRY, THE MESH AND THE PHYSIC

3. PREFLUX 2D: ENTERING THE GEOMETRY,
THE MESH AND THE PHYSIC

This chapter lists the commands used to build the geometry of the device and the mesh of the
computation domain and to create and assign the physical properties. This is the first step to study a
device by finite element method with FLUX2D.

3.1 Starting FLUX2D
FLUX2D uses several programs managed by a supervisor. To activate it on WINDOWS, you have
to click on the menus:

Start, Programs, Cedrat, FLUX 10

TUTORIAL OF TRANSLATING MOTION

PAGE 15

FLUX2D®10

PART B: EXPLANATION OF CASE 1
PREFLUX 2D: ENTERING THE GEOMETRY, THE MESH AND THE PHYSIC

The FLUX Supervisor window is then displayed:
Menu bar
Tool bar

Directory
manager

Project
Files

Program
manager

My programs
FLUX View

The different parts of the FLUX Supervisor window are described hereafter:
Part
Menu bar

Toolbar

PAGE 16

Function
Windows commands for FLUX
• File
• Display
• Versions
• Tools
• Help
Icons for common tasks in FLUX
• User version
• Compress/Decompress a project
• Options (memory, license, etc.)
• Help (link to online Users Guide for FLUX)

TUTORIAL OF TRANSLATING MOTION

FLUX2D®10

Program manager

PART B: EXPLANATION OF CASE 1
PREFLUX 2D: ENTERING THE GEOMETRY, THE MESH AND THE PHYSIC

Displays the FLUX modules
The different modules are grouped by “family” in different
folders. Each module is shown as an item in the tree.
You can expand a folder by clicking on the

sign.

You can start a module by double-clicking on its name, e.g.,
Geometry.
My programs

Links to other programs, such as:
• DOS Shell
• Windows Explorer
You can add links to other programs here, as you wish.

Directory manager

Displays the computer’s directory.

Files

Displays project files.

FLUX View

Displays:
• the model geometry for the selected 2D project file
(*.TRA)
• the FLUX View logo, if no problem is selected

The FLUX2D supervisor window is displayed.
First, you should create a new directory to work in it and access your new working directory by
selecting
it
in
the
supervisor
window
in
the
Directory
manager
(e.g., C:\users\customers\cedrat).
Now, you can run any FLUX2D program by double-clicking with the mouse on the corresponding
menu.

TUTORIAL OF TRANSLATING MOTION

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FLUX2D®10

PART B: EXPLANATION OF CASE 1
PREFLUX 2D: ENTERING THE GEOMETRY, THE MESH AND THE PHYSIC

3.2 Starting PREFLUX 2D
To run PREFLUX 2D, in the tree at the left, in Construction, you should double-click on the
following menu:

Context
bar

Title
bar

Menus
bar

Menus and
toolbar

Graphic
scene
toolbar

Data tree

Graphic
scene

History

Status bar

The different parts of the PREFLUX 2D window are described below.
Element
Title bar

Menu bar

Function

General information:
• Software name and version number
• Name of the current project
Access to the different menus:
• Project, Application, View, Display, Select
•

PAGE 18

Geometry, Mesh, Physic, Tools, Help

TUTORIAL OF TRANSLATING MOTION

FLUX2D®10

PART B: EXPLANATION OF CASE 1
PREFLUX 2D: ENTERING THE GEOMETRY, THE MESH AND THE PHYSIC

Access to the toolbar corresponding to the contexts:
• Geometry, Mesh, Physic

Context bar

Tool and menu bar
Project

Access to the commands of Project menu:
• New, Open…, Save, Close, Exit

Tools

Access to the commands of Tools menu:
• Undo

Geometry

Access to the commands of Geometry context:
• Commands of creation of the geometric entities
…

Mesh

Physic

•
•

Access to the commands of Mesh context:
• Commands for the creation of mesh entities
• Actions on the mesh
• Check of the mesh
Access to the commands of Physic context:
• Commands for the creation of physic entities

•
•

Element
Toolbar of the graphic scene
View

Actions on the geometry
Check of the geometry

Actions on the physic
Check of the physic

Function

Access to the commands of the View menu:
•
•

Refresh view, Zoom all, Zoom region
Standard 1 view, Standard 2 view, Opposite view,
Direction of view, View on X, View on Y, View
on Z, Four views mode.

Display

Access to the commands of Display menu:
• Display of coordinate systems, points, lines, faces,
volumes, surface regions, volume regions
Access to the commands of Display menu of the
Geometry context:
• Display of surface elements, points numbers, lines
numbers
TUTORIAL OF TRANSLATING MOTION

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FLUX2D®10

PART B: EXPLANATION OF CASE 1
PREFLUX 2D: ENTERING THE GEOMETRY, THE MESH AND THE PHYSIC

Access to the commands of Display menu of the
Mesh context:
• Display of mesh points, mesh lines, nodes, surface
elements
Access to the commands of Display menu of Physic
context:
• Display of non meshed coils
Access to the commands of the Select menu:
• Activate the selection filter, Select points, Select
lines, Select faces, Select volumes, Select surface
regions, Select volume regions

Selection

Element
Entities tree

History

PAGE 20

Function
Entities tree of the FLUX project.

Information concerning different
current actions (project evolution):
• Restoring of data during a
project opening,
• Comments about the current
actions,
• Advance
of
computation
during the solving process, …

TUTORIAL OF TRANSLATING MOTION

FLUX2D®10

PART B: EXPLANATION OF CASE 1
PREFLUX 2D: ENTERING THE GEOMETRY, THE MESH AND THE PHYSIC

3.3 Entering the geometry
The first step in the numerical modeling of an electrovalve is the description of the device geometry
and the computation domain.

3.3.1 Creating a new problem
Each time that you run a FLUX2D program, you should select the name of the problem to be treated
or define a new problem.
To create a new problem, you should use:
• either the menus below
Project
New
•

or the icon below:

Note:
The current project should be saved under a name chosen by the user. A periodic save of your
work is recommended. We chose in this tutorial to save the current project at the entry and at
the exit of the PREFLUX 2D program.

To save the current project under the Electrovalve name, you should use:
•

either the menus below:
Project
Save

•

or the icon below:

The Save window is then displayed and you must perform tasks 1 and 2 in the next figure.

1. Enter ELECTROVALVE as
Preflux2D project name
2. Click on Save button to
save the Preflux2D project

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PART B: EXPLANATION OF CASE 1
PREFLUX 2D: ENTERING THE GEOMETRY, THE MESH AND THE PHYSIC

FLUX2D®10

3.4 Activating the Geometry command
Then, you should check that the Geometry context is selected.
•

by the icon:

We call entity any object that helps with the geometry construction. In the geometry module, we
distinguish several entities. They are visible in the tree data bar under the rubric names Domain,
Tools, Geometric entities (see next figure).
• The Domain rubric defines the space limit of the study.
• The Tools rubric consists of all geometric facilities that Flux2D allocates to build the geometry.
• The Geometric entities rubric contains basic objects to construct the geometry.

PAGE 22

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FLUX2D®10

PART B: EXPLANATION OF CASE 1
PREFLUX 2D: ENTERING THE GEOMETRY, THE MESH AND THE PHYSIC

Domain

Geometric tools

Geometric entities

A property sheet corresponds to each entity, where all specific characteristics are saved. A property
sheet is presented in the form of a dialogue box that contains:
• a title bar with the type of entity
• different tabs containing the specific characteristics of the entity
• buttons to validate the information or to close the sheet.
To identify the entity
Different tabs of the entity
Specific characteristics of the
entity

Validation / Cancel / Help
buttons

To create a new entity, you should first open the corresponding New Entity property sheet, and then
enter the data.
To open a New Entity property sheet, you can use several methods. All these methods are presented
below with the example of the Geometric Parameter. Of course, these methods are also applicable
to the other entities.
• from the Data toolbar:

Click on the icon
The New Geometric parameter property sheet is opened

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FLUX2D®10

PART B: EXPLANATION OF CASE 1
PREFLUX 2D: ENTERING THE GEOMETRY, THE MESH AND THE PHYSIC

•

from the Geometry menu:

Select Geometric parameter and then click on
New
⇒The New Geometric parameter property
sheet is opened

•

from the Data tree:

1. Right click on Geometric parameter

2 ⇒ The New Geometric
parameter property sheet is
opened

•

from the Data tree (short cut):

Double click on Geometric Parameter
The New Geometric Parameter property sheet is opened

3.5 Create geometric tools
The general rule to construct the geometry of the computation domain is first defining the points,
and then connecting themselves by lines that generate the faces.
PREFLUX 2D contains several tools, which helps the creation of points and lines. You can find
them into the Tools rubric in the Data tree bar.

Tools

PAGE 24

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FLUX2D®10

•
•
•

PART B: EXPLANATION OF CASE 1
PREFLUX 2D: ENTERING THE GEOMETRY, THE MESH AND THE PHYSIC

Geometric parameter is a variable in which you can save a value or a mathematical expression
Coordinate system can be defined by yourself. All geometric entities are defined within a
specific coordinate system
Transformation is a geometrical function that permits the creation of new objects, starting from
objects already created.

We will use all these facilities to construct the geometry more easily.
Defining parameters simplifies problem entry and allows modifications to be made more easily later.
Many types of changes can be made by modifying only the definition of the parameters instead of
modifying all the individual points, lines, or nodes that might be built using that parameter.
The coordinates of points, arcs, circles, and coordinate systems can be entered using geometric
parameters or mathematical expressions. This allows us to rapidly modify the geometric dimensions.
A parameter is defined by a name, a comment and a mathematical expression.
The mathematical expressions may contain:
• Constants
• Arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /, **)
• Arithmetic functions admitted by FORTRAN (SQRT, LOG, SIN, …)
• Other parameters
• Combinations of any of these
Note:
Once defined, the parameters are independent of units; that is, the numerical value associated
with a parameter is not changed if the units are changed. Any units associated with the
parameter are taken from the coordinate system in which the parameter is defined. For
example, if a parameter value is defined as 10 in a coordinate system using millimeters as
units, the parameter value will be still 10 if the coordinate system units are changed to inches,
or meters, or kilometers, or any other unit. In this way, you can modify the scale of a
geometric feature without entering each point or item all over again. Parameters can be
created at any time during the geometry description.

The reference values of the parameters are presented in the following table.
Parameters
SECT
DIST

Description
Thickness of the upper magnetic circuit
Distance between the mobile and immobile coordinate system

Value (mm)
8
0

The first parameter that we will create is the SECT parameter that will allow us to quickly modify
the shape of the MAGCIR region.
Follow the program sequence below:
• either select the following menus:
Geometry
Geometric Parameter
New
•

or click on the following icon:

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•

or in the tree at the left, in the Data tab:
click with the right button of the mouse, in Geometry, Geometric tools, on
Geometric parameter
The following contextual menus appear.

Select New
•

or double click on Geometric parameter in the tree.

The Edit Geometric Parameter window is then displayed and to create the geometric
parameter SECT you must perform tasks 1 to 5 in the next figure.
1. Enter SECT as Name of
Parameter
2. Enter Thickness of the
upper magnetic
circuit as Comment
3. Enter 8 as Algebraic
expression for the parameter
4. Click on the Ok button to
create the parameter

Note:
You can enter the name of the projects, regions and parameters in lowercase or uppercase.
They will automatically be converted to uppercase.

The geometric parameter SECT is then created.
The New Geometric Parameter properties sheet is then opened. Here will be defined the
second geometric parameter DIST. It allows us to modify the position of the mobile magnetic core.
1. Enter DIST as Name of
Parameter
2. Enter Distance between
the mobile and
immobile coordinate
systems as Comment
3. Enter 0 as Algebraic
expression for the parameter
4. Click on the Ok button to
create the parameter
5. Click on the Cancel button
to quit this window

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3.5.1 About the modification / deletion of an entity
To modify an entity you should first open its property sheet, and then modify its characteristics.
The main method to open a property sheet of an entity is presented below related to the geometric
parameter (entity) SECT from the Data tree.
1. Click on the symbol + (if necessary) to open the entity list
2. Right click on SECT
3. Select Edit or Delete in the contextual menu

⇒The Edit Geometric Parameter window of SECT is
opened or
⇒The entity SECT is deleted

3.5.2 Create the coordinate systems
Using the geometric parameters and defining more coordinate systems allow us to describe and
modify the geometry much more easily.
All geometric entities, including points and geometric transformations are defined within a specific
coordinate system. Each coordinate system is defined by the coordinates of its origin, the orientation
of the axes, the type of coordinate system and the units of length and angle.
The coordinate systems are identified by a name, a comment, a type of coordinates, a type of system
(global or local), length units, angle units, coordinates of the origin, orientation.
We will use in this tutorial a global co-ordinate system called AXI_SYMMETRIC and a local
co-ordinate system – name MOBILE (see table below). The units are millimeter for length and
degree for angle.
The two coordinate systems are cartesian. The first name was choosing to remember the type of this
2D problem that must be defined when assign the physical properties.
Type of
system
AXI_SYMMETRIC GLOBAL
MOBILE
LOCAL
Name

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Coordinate system
of definition
AXI_SYMMETRIC

Coordinate
type
Cartesian
Cartesian

X
(mm)
0
0

Y
(mm)
0
DIST

Rot Z
(°)
0
0

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To create a new coordinate system, you should use:
• either the following menus:
Geometry
Coordinate system
New
•

or the following icon:

•

or in the tree at the left, in the Data tab:
click with the right button of the mouse, in Geometry, Geometric tools, on
Coordinate system
The following contextual menus appear.

Select New
•

or double click on Coordinate system in the tree.

The New Coordinate System window is then displayed and to create the coordinate system
AXI_SYMMETRIC, you must perform tasks 1 to 11 in the next figure.

1. Enter AXI_SYMMETRIC as Name of
Coordinate System
2. Enter Axi symmetric
coordinate system as
Comment
3. Select Cartesian as Type of
Coordinate System
4. Select Global as being Defined
with respect to the Global Coordinate
System
5. Select MILLIMETER as Length Unit
6. Select DEGREE as Angle Unit

7. Enter 0 as Origin: first component
8. Enter 0 as Origin: second
component
9. Enter 0 as Rotation Angle about Z
axis
10.Click on the Ok button to create the
coordinate system

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The AXI_SYMMETRIC coordinate system is then created.
The local coordinate system MOBILE is defined depending on the global one through DIST
parameter. The two extreme positions of the mobile magnetic core with respect to the fixed parts are
defined by the values DIST = 0 mm for the initial position, and DIST = – 6.5 mm for the final
position.
The different entities such as points, transformations, and objects created in local coordinate system
are automatically reported to the global coordinate system.
In the following New Coordinate System property sheet we will define the local coordinate system
MOBILE.
1. Enter MOBILE as Name of
Coordinate System
2. Enter Mobile coordinate
system as Comment
3. Select Cartesian as Type of
Coordinate System

4. Select Local as being Defined with
respect to the Global Coordinate
System
5. Select AXI_SYMMETRIC as parent
coordinate system

6. Enter 0 as Origin: first component
7. Enter DIST as Origin: second
component
8. Enter 0 as Rotation Angle about Z
axis
9. Click on the Ok button to create the
coordinate system
10. Click on the Cancel button to quit
this window

The axes of the two coordinate systems we defined are collinear or parallel to the axes of the XY1
default coordinate system.
To display the coordinate system, you can:
• either select the following menus:
View
Display Coordinate System
• or click on the following icon:

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At this step, we have finished to define the tools that will help us to enter the points. Now, we will
enter points and lines.

3.6 Create the fixed part of the magnetic core
Now that the parameter and coordinate systems have been created, we will enter the points to define
the fixed part of the magnetic core. Points can be entered as a set of coordinates in a specified
coordinate system, or as an image of an existing point through a geometric transformation.

3.6.1 About point of view
The easiest way to adjust the view as you want is to use the scrolling wheel of your mouse in order
to enlarge the picture. By keeping pressed the right mouse button and moving, you move the object.
The same manipulation with the left one will rotate the object around the center of the screen.
Nevertheless, there are several predefined tools to change the point of view of the graphic display.
All are accessible via the View menu:
Select View and then click on
the desired option

3.6.2 Enter the points of the MAGCIR region
Points can be entered in PREFLU 2D as a set of coordinates in a specified coordinate system, or
using geometric transformations. To define the point coordinates we can use numbers, parameters or
Fortran expressions.
When the coordinates of a point are modified, all the geometric entities linked to this point (lines,
surfaces, ...) will automatically be updated.
You may notice that the points on your screen are not assigned the same numbers as the ones we use
for convenience in this tutorial. Please do not be worried about this discrepancy. Whenever we use a
point number in our instructions, we will also include a short description about the location of that
point, so that you will be able to choose the proper one from your own screen.
We will create the thirteen points of the MAGCIR region in the AXI_SYMMETRIC coordinate
system, as presented in the table below.
Point
P1
P2
P3

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X coordinate (mm)
5
3
3

Y coordinate (mm)
- 20.5
- 20.5
- 31

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P4
P5
P6
P7
P8
P9
P10
P11
P12
P13

32
32
32
15
15
32 - SECT/2
32 - SECT/2
14.5
14.5
32

- 31
- 24
23 + SECT
23 + SECT
23
23
- 24
- 24
- 11
23

The sequence of commands can be repeated as many times as needed. The answer provided for the
previous point is proposed by default (value between brackets). If this one is appropriate, you should
simply validate it by pressing the Return/Enter key ↵.
To create a point, you should use:
• either the following menus:
Geometry
Point
New
•

or the following icon:

•

or in the tree at the left, in the Data tab:
click with the right button of the mouse, in Geometry,Geometric entities,
on Point

The following contextual menus appear.

Select New
•

or double click on Point in the tree.

The New Point window is then displayed and to create the first point, you must perform tasks 1 to
6 in the next figure.

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1. Select the Geometric Definition
tab
2. Select Point defined by its
Parametric Coordinates as
Type of the Point
3. Select AXI_SYMMETRIC as Coordinate
System for definition
4. Enter 5 for the First coordinate
5. Enter –20.5 for the Second coordinate
6. Click on the OK button to create the
point

The point number 1 is then created.
To create the second point, you must perform tasks 1 to 3 in the next figure.

1. Enter 3 for the First coordinate
2. Enter –20.5 for the Second coordinate
3. Click on the OK button to create the
point

The point number 2 is then created.
Then you must create all the other points until the next to last one listed in the previous table.
Finally, to create the last point of the previous table, you must perform tasks 1 to 4 in the next
figure.

1. Enter 32 for the First coordinate
2. Enter 23 for the Second coordinate
3. Click on the OK button to create the
point
4. Click on the Cancel button to quit
this window

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After having finished the sequence of point’s creation, the following picture should be displayed on
your screen if you click on the icon

:

The points can be deleted, modified, visualized, propagated or extruded. In order to verify the
dimensions, the computation of the distance between two points is accessible (Geometry,
Verify, Compute distance between Points). For a better view of the points created so
far, you should click on View, Zoom All or click on the icon

.

Note:
To modify a point, you should click on Geometry, Edit/Modify, Point, and select the
point to be modified. To delete a point, you should click on Geometry, Point, Delete and
select the point to be deleted. To delete a point linked to a line, you should select Geometry,
Force Delete, Point, then select the point to be deleted.

When the coordinates of a point are modified, all the geometric entities containing this point (lines,
surfaces, ...) will automatically be updated.

3.6.3 Enter lines of the MAGCIR region
Now, that the points of MAGCIR region are entered, we will connect them with lines to create a
closed outline of the fixed part of the electrovalve magnetic circuit.
The order in which lines are created is not important.
In PREFLUX 2D it is not important that all the points be defined before entering the lines. If you
wish, you can enter two points and then enter the connecting line immediately.
Lines may be drawn as straight segments or arcs. Several options explained in the table below are
available to create the lines.

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Menu Command
Segment defined by
Starting and
Ending Points
Arc defined by
Starting, Middle
and Center Points
Arc defined by its
Angle, Starting
and End Points
Arc defined by
Center
Coordinates,
Starting and End
Points
Arc defined by
Starting, Ending
and Center Points
Arc defined by its
Radius, Starting
and Ending Points
Propagated from an
other line
Extruded from a
point

Explanation
Line defined by selecting two points

Arc defined by 3 points (within a selected coordinate
system)
Arc defined by 2 points and an angle (within a selected
coordinate system)
Arc defined by 2 points and coordinates of the center (within
a selected coordinate system)

Arc defined by 2 points and center point (within a selected
coordinate system)
Arc defined by two points and a radius (within a selected
coordinate system)
Line defined by propagation
Line defined by extrusion

FLUX2D continuously checks if the lines are entered correctly. A new line intersecting or
superposed on an existing line is not allowed. To connect three points along the same straight line,
you should define two different lines:

n° 1

n° 2

n° 3

We will use only line segment - Segment defined by Starting and Ending Points.
We will create the first line segment by connecting points P1 and P2. As a rule, you should select for
each straight line a starting point and an ending point. For example, for the first line segment, select
the right point P1, then, the left-hand side point P2 or vice-versa.

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In order to conserve the same line reference numbers as in this tutorial, we recommend you to define
lines in the same order as in the following figure.

7

8

6
10

9

11

5

15

1
14

13

2

Starting point

3

12

4

When the points were entered, PREFLUX 2D arbitrarily assign a reference’s number to each point.
You can use these reference numbers to select points, but they are not automatically displayed. If
you want to display / hide the reference numbers for the points, you should label them.
You can label the points from the View menu as in the figure below.

Select Display and then click on Display
points numbers

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The definition of the lines includes the information of the starting and ending point. This
information could either be entered with the keyboard (use the points reference’s number), or by
graphic selection (left click on the point). Graphic selection is the easiest way to perform it, that is
why we only present this method.
If you prefer to perform it with the keyboard, the order of line construction should correspond to
define the starting point 1, ending 2, etc ... The last line will then connect point 12 to point 1.
We will create the lines by activating the following commands:
• either select the following menus:
Geometry
Line
New
•

or click on the following icon:

•

or in the tree at the left, in the Data tab:
click with the right button of the mouse, in Geometry, Geometric entities, on Line

The following contextual menus appear.

Select New
•

or double click on Line in the tree.

The New Line window below is then displayed.

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To create the first line, you must perform tasks 1 to 4 in the next figure.
1. Select the Geometric
Definition
tab
2. Select Segment defined
by Starting and
Ending Points as Type
of the line
3. Select the first point with the
mouse in the Graphic
scene
4. Select the second point with
the mouse in the Graphic
scene

The line number 1 is then created.
The program sequence for the creation of straight lines can be repeated as many time as needed. We
leave it by clicking on the Cancel button.
Note:
To delete an incorrect line, you should click on Geometry, Line, delete and then to
select the line to be deleted. If this line is connected to a surface region, you should use the
Force Delete menu, then select the line to be deleted. This last operation supposes the
deletion of all the faces linked to this line.

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Using the View, Zoom All or the icon
command we will display an overview of the lines.
The following image should be displayed on your screen.

3.6.4 About graphic display
You will notice that as more points are entered, individual points become difficult to distinguish. In
this case, you can move the geometry on the graphic scene, enlarge a selected area of the screen that
allows you to better visualize a specific point or feature, or turn the geometry in all direction to
visualize it from another point of view.
•

Moving the device

In order to translate the geometry, moves the mouse while keeping pressed the right mouse button.
In order to rotate the geometry, moves the mouse while keeping pressed the left mouse button.
•

Zooming the geometry

The easiest way to zoom the geometry is to use the scrolling wheel of your mouse. Others tools to
zoom are accessible from the View menu bar.

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Select View and then click on the desired option

Following table gives zoom functionality.

Zoom
option

Associated command

Explanations

Reinitialize the zoom

Zoom all
Zoom in

Mouse scrolling wheel or the icon

Zoom out

Mouse scrolling wheel or the icon

Zoom
region

Zoom the device from the center of the
graphic scene
Un-zoom the device from the center of the
graphic scene
Enlarge area selected with mouse

Note:
The Zoom in command used with the Translate command could replace the Zoom
region command.

3.6.5 Enter the points of the COIL region
The coordinates of the COIL region points are defined in the AXI_SYMMETRIC coordinate
system. There are presented in the table below.
Point
P14
P15
P16
P17

X coordinate (mm)
25
17
17
25

Y coordinate (mm)
- 23
- 23
22
22

To define the coordinates of points you should follow the program sequence below.
• either select the following menus:
Geometry
Point
New

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•

•

or click on the following icon:

or in the tree at the left, in the Data tab:
click with the right button of the mouse, in Geometry, Geometric entities, on
Point

The following contextual menus appear.

Select New
•

or double click on Point in the tree.

The New Point window is then displayed and to create the 14th point, you must perform tasks 1 to
6 in the next figure.
1. Select the Geometric Definition
tab
2. Select Point defined by its
Parametric Coordinates as Type of the
Point
3. Select AXI_SYMMETRIC as Coordinate System
for definition
4. Enter 25 for the First coordinate
5. Enter -23 for the Second coordinate
6. Click on the OK button to create the point

The sequence of creation of points can be repeated as many times as needed. The data provided for
the previous point are proposed by default for the current point. If certain data is appropriate you
should change only where is needed. To validate the changes, you should click on OK in the
property sheet.
When the sequence of point’s creation is finished, the following picture should be displayed.
You can leave the sequence of creation of New Point by clicking on the Cancel button

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For a better view of the points created so far, you should click on View, Zoom All or click on the
icon

.

3.6.6 Enter lines of the COIL region
In order to preserve the same line reference numbers as in this tutorial, we recommend you to define
lines in the same order as in the following figure.

18

19

17

16

To create the first line segment of the COIL region, you must perform tasks 1 to 4 in the next figure.

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1. Select the Geometric
Definition
tab
2. Select Segment defined
by Starting and
Ending Points as Type
of the line
3. Select the first point with the
mouse in the Graphic
scene
4. Select the second point with
the mouse in the Graphic
scene

The program sequence for the creation of straight lines can be repeated as many time as needed. We
leave it by clicking on the Cancel button.
To create the others lines, you may use the line definition picture previous described.
The following image should be displayed on your screen.

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