chap01final .pdf
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20142008
2008
θ = 12°C (H2O2)
2H2O2(aq) = 2H2O(ℓ) + O2(g)
-1
(VM = 24L.mol
Vs = 500mL t = 0
[H2O2]0 = 8.0×10-2mol.L-1
(VO )
t(min)
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
VO (mL)
0 60 114 162 204 234 253 276 288 294 300
-1
[H2O2] (mol.L )
.1
VO2, VM, VS, [H2O2]0 t [H2O2] .2
.3
[H2O2] = f(t)
t2 = 24mint1 = 16min
t1 / 2
[H2O2] θ' = 35°C .4
2
2
m = 36mg Mg(s)
30mL
1
1
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2
(Mg2+(aq)/Mg(g)) , (H+(aq)/H2(g))
3
t(min) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
V ( H 2 )(mL) 0 12.0
19.2 25.2 28.8 32.4 34.8 36.0 37.2 37.2
x(mol)
x
x = f(t)
t = 0
pH = 1 4
VM = 24.0L.mol-1
MMg = 24g.mol-1
2008
Mg
Mg ( s ) 2 H 3O 2 H 2 O(l ) H 2( g ) Mg (2aq )
V= 60mL m = 1.0g
c = 5.0mol.L-1
t(min)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
V ( H 2 )(mL) 0 336 625 810 910 970
985
985 985
x(mol)
1
x2
x = f(t) 3
xf4
(t = 3min)(t = 0min) 5
t1/26
(H3O+) 7
M(Mg) = 24.3g.mol-1
VM = 24.0L.mol-1
2
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(S1)
K (aq ) I aq (S2) 2 K (aq ) S 2O82 ( aq)
V1 = 50mL t = 0
c1 = 2.0×10-mol.L-1 (S1)
(S2)V2 = 50mL
c2 = 1.0 mol.L-1
S 2O82
2 I aq S 2O82 ( aq) I 2 ( aq) 2 SO42 ( aq )
ox/red 1
2
3
(t1/2) 4
t1/2 5
t = 10min 6
2009
I S 2O
2 I aq S 2O82 ( aq) I 2 ( aq) 2 SO42 ( aq )
V1 = 100mL t = 0(θ = 35°C)I
c1 = 4.0×10-2mol.L-1 2 K (aq ) S 2O82 ( aq)
c2 = 8.0×10-2 mol.L-1 K (aq ) I aq V2 = 100mL
VT = 200mL
V2, V1, c1 S 2O82
(I2) I 2
(t = 0) S 2O82 0
I S 2O82
ti, ……t3,t2,t1 II
tiV0 = 10mL
c' = 1.5×10-2mol.L-1 2 Na S 2O32
V'
t(min)
0
5
10 15 20 30 45 60
V'(mL)
0 4.0 6.7 8.7 10.4 13.1 15.3 16.7
3
2
8
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I 2 (mmol.L1 )
I 2( aq) / I ( aq) S 4O62 ( aq ) S 2O32 ( aq)
1 c'V '
2 V0
I 2
I 2 f (t )
t = 20min
04
+
(H +Cl )
c = 100mL CaCO3 2.0g
1.0×10-1mol.L-1
(1L)
T = 25°C
t(s)
20
60
100
P( CO )( Pa )
2280
5560
7170
n( CO )(mol )
x(mol )
CaCO3( s ) 2 H ( aq ) CO2( g ) Ca 2 ( aq ) H 2 O(l )
.1
(x) nCO .2
(P.V = n.R.T).3
1L = 10-3m3 , R = 8.31SI x = f(t).4
+
(H )
t(s)
20
60
100
1
0.080
0.056
0.040
H (mol.L )
n( H ) (mol )
2
2
2
x(mol )
n( H ) .1
(n0)(x) n( H ) .2
4
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(x).3
x = f(t).4
.5
t1/2.6
t = 50s .7
-1
M(O) = 16g.mol , M(C) = 12g.mol-1 , M(Ca) = 40g.mol-1
2009
H 2 O2( aq)
1L (10V)
Vm = 22.4L.mol-110L
2 H 2 O2 ( aq) 2 H 2O( l ) O2 ( g ) 1
c = 0.893mol.L-1
100mL Vl
-1
c' = 0.1mol.L Vl
20mL (10V).1
VE = 38mL .2 c2 = 0.02mol.L-1 ( K (aq ) MnO4( aq) )
( MnO4( aq ) / Mn(2aq ) ) O2 ( g ) / H 2O2 (l )
2010
2
Zn( s ) 2 H ( aq ) Zn( aq) H 2 ( g )
V = 40mL m = 1.0g t = 0
c = 5.010-1mol.L-1
VM = 25L.mol-1
VH
t(s) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 400 500 750
VH (mL)
0 36 64 86 104 120 132 154 170 200
x(mol )
2
2
5
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VH x
x = f(t)
1cm → 100s
1cm → 1.0×10-3mol
t2 = 400s , t1 = 100s
xmax
t1/2
M ( Zn) 65 g .mol 1
2
c0 I2(aq)
Zn(s)
(Zn 2
/ Zn ) ( I
/I
)
( aq )
(s)
2( aq) ( aq )
V = 50mL 20°C
I 2( aq ) Zn
I 2( aq ) f (t ) t
I2
I2
100mL20°CV
1 I 2 g (t ) 2
I 2 h(t ) 380°CV4
5
2010
(2 K S2 O
) V1 = 200mL t = 0
( K ( aq ) I ( aq ) ) V2 = 200mL c1 = 4.00×10-2mol.L-1
c2 = 4.0×10-1mol.L-1
( aq )
6
2
8 ( aq )
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(Ox/Red)1
2
2
( I 2( aq) / I ( aq ) ) (S 2O8 ( aq ) / SO4 ( aq ) )
I2 2
I 2 f (t )
t = t1/2
3
V = 10mL
(2 Na(aq ) S 2 O32 ( aq ) )
c' = 1.0×10-2mol.L-1
I 2( aq ) 2 S 2 O62 ( aq ) 2 I ( aq ) S 4 O62 ( aq )
c' ; VE , V I 2
EVE
t = 1.2min VE
c1 = 4.5×10 mol.L H2O2V1 = 100mL(S)
( K ( aq ) I ( aq ) ) V2 = 100mL
( I 2( aq ) I ( aq ) ) c2 = 2.0×10-1mol.L-1
( H 2 O2( aq ) / H 2 O( l ) )
1
(S)2
t = 3minV= 20mL
I 2( aq )
c = (2 Na ( aq ) S 2 O32 ( aq ) )
1.0mol.L-1
VE
-2
7
-1
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I 2( aq ) 2 S 2 O32 ( aq ) 2 I ( aq )
I2
S 4 O62 ( aq ) 3
cVE
t
2V
14
I 2 f
t = 8minI2
t = 8min
2011
2 H 2 O2( aq ) 2 H 2 O(l ) O2( g )
1
1L10VS0500mL
VM = 22.4L.mol-1 10L
250mL ; 200mL ; 100mL ; 50mL
10mL ; 5mL ; 1mL
50mL
250mL
-3
-1
c' = 2.0×10 mol.L
98%
(A,B,C,B)
40S0200mLS
S
S S0
S
D
C
B
A
8
2
0
5
1
(mL)
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48
50
45
49
50
50
50
50
H2O2 (mL)
(mL)
10mL
3
S
S0
9
04
C2 H 2 O4( aq ) Cr2 O
V1 = 40mLt = 0s
(2 K (aq ) Cr2 O7(2aq ) )
V2 = 60mLc1 = 0.2mol.L-1
c2
1
CO2( aq ) / C2 H 2 O4( aq )
Cr2 O7(2aq ) / Cr 3 ( aq )
3
Cr ( aq ) 2
t = 20min Cr 3 ( aq )
xf
t1/2
3
c2
2
7( aq )
daoudi.phy@hotmail.fr|
2012
H 2C 2O4 ( aq)
(2 K ( aq) Cr2 O72(aq ) )
V1 = 100mL
V2 = 100mLc1 = 3,0×10-2mol.L-1
c2 = 0.8×10-2mol.L-1
Cr 3 ( aq )
t Cr 3 ( aq )
1
2
2
3H 2 C 2 O4( aq ) Cr2 O7 ( aq ) 8H (aq ) 6CO2( aq ) 2Cr 3 ( aq ) 7 H 2O(l )
(mmol)
t1/23
3
Cr ( aq ) v 4
t = 8s t = 0
t = 0
c1 = 0,05mol.L-1V1 = 368mLs
c2 = 0,10mol.L-1V2 = 32mL
I (aq)
H 2O2 (aq) 2 I (aq ) 2 H (aq ) 2 H 2O () I 2 (aq )
10
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V = 40,0mLt
s
(2 Na (aq ) S 2 O32 (aq))
c3 = 0,10mol.L-1
VE
t
I 2 (aq)
t
1
40mL
I 2 (aq) / I (aq )
S 4O62 (aq ) / S 2O32 (aq )
VEV I 2 (aq) 2
c3
3
t = 100s v 4
t1/2 5
2012
(K (aq) + I (aq)) V1 = 50mL
V2 = 50mL c1 = 3,2×10-1mol.L-1
c2 = 0,20mol.L-1 (2 K (aq) S 2 O82 (aq))
S 2O82 (aq ) / SO42 (aq ) I2(aq)
I 2 (aq) / I (aq )
1
2
t I2(aq) 3
+
-
c1V1 I (aq )
V = V1 + V2 I 2 (aq )
2V
2
5min I (aq ) 4
11
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0
5
10
15
20
25
9.6
7.7
6.1
5.1
I (aq )(10 mol.L ) 16.0 120
I 2 (aq)(10 2 mol.L1 )
I 2 (aq ) f (t )
t1/2
t = 20min
t(min)
2
1
2013
2
t = 0min Cr2 O7( aq ) H 2C 2O4 ( aq)
V2 = 50mLc1 = 12mmol.L-1V1 = 50mL
c2 = 16mmol.L-1 (2 K ( aq) Cr2 O72(aq ) )
3H 2 C 2 O4( aq ) Cr2 O72(aq ) 8H (aq ) 6CO2( aq ) 2Cr 3 ( aq ) 7 H 2O(l )
Ox/Red 1
2
1 d H 2C 2O4
3
dt
v
t = 12min
3
Na (aq ) HO (aq ) Cl2
1
2
12
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2ClO (aq) 2Cl (aq ) O2 ( g )..............(2)
3
ClO (aq ) Cl (aq) 2 H 3O (aq) Cl 2 ( g ) 3H 2O (l )..............(3)
21
2
2 ClO (aq)
t = ClO (aq)
θ2 = θ1 = 30°C 8semaines
40°C
1 d ClO
2
dt
v (t )
t = 0
θ2 = 40°Cθ1 = 30°C
2 2
23
4
2014
H 2O2( aq )
25 " ؟: (k ( aq ) I ( aq )) )
V1 =100mL 25C t=0
c2 6, 0 102 mol.L1 V2 100mL c1 4, 5 10 2 mol.L1
2 H 3O ( aq ) SO4 2 ( aq )
(1
n0 ( I ) n0 ( H 2O2 ) (2
(3
,t I 2( aq )
(2 Na ( aq ) S 2O32 ( aq ) ) ()
13
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x f (t )
(1)
(1
(2
t0 0
t1 9 min
I ( aq )
t1
c1 2, 0 10 mol.L I 2 (aq ) V0 250mL
m 05 g Zn( s)
Zn( s) I 2 (aq ) Zn 2 (aq) 2 I (aq)
2
1
1
2
3
x 4
x f (t )
t1/2 5
t1 1000 s t1 400 s
2
1
Zn 7.70mS .m .mo Zn 10.56mS .m 2 .mo 1 M ( Zn) 65.4 g.mol 1
2
2
2014
( H 3O Cl ) CaCO3
14
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CaCO3( aq ) 2 H 3O ( aq ) Ca 2 ( aq ) CO2( g ) 3H 2O(l ) :
2g C V
VCO
21
1
2
H 3O ( aq )
2
H 3O ( aq ) c
2VCO2
V .Vm
V
Vm=24mol/L:
3
: 1
c
V
H 3O 2 H 3O f(t)4
t=80s
; M( Ca) =40 g/mol ;M(O)=16g/molM(C)= 12g/mol :
, H 2O2
2 H 2O2( aq ) O2( g ) 2 H 2O(l ) :
,
t 0 V0 10mL
, t
(2 K Cr2O7 2 ( aq ) ) (2 H 3O SO4 2 )
VE c 0,1mol.L1
.
2
3H 2O2( aq ) Cr2O7 ( aq ) 8 H 3O ( aq ) 3O2( aq ) 2Cr3 ( aq ) 15 H 2O( l ) : 1
15
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16
VE
H 2O2 2
V0 VE c
3
: (10V )
10L 1L )
O2
(
4
: 2
VE H 2O2( aq )
t2 600 s ; t1 200s
Vm 22, 4 L.mol 1 :
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