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vowel height) or equipollent oppositions (e.g.

a vowel change (in the middle syllable, [tatota]) or a pitch change ([tatata] with pitch modifications of the middle syllable).

Rhyme When two or more words or phrases contain an identical or similar vowel sound, usually stressed, and the consonant sounds that follow the vowel sound are identical and preceded by different consonants, a rhyme occurs.

Examples A AI AU a ay o Father Pain Taupe Ami Lait Chaud (chau) Chaude (chaud) C Can Sec Cell Cerise Ç CH k (if before vowel ‘a’ or ‘o’ or ‘u’ or consonant or at the end of the word) S (if before vowel ‘e’ or ‘i’ or ‘y’) s sh façade champagne Ça va Chaud E, EU É È, Ê, EI EAU eu ay eh o G g zh (if before ‘e’ or ‘i’ or ‘y’ ) gag mirage gant, une bague aubergine H ash hour Hiver Bonheur (boneur) I, Ï, Î ee naïve dix, un lit J zh M m (n) mom (nasal vowel) Madame Parfum N n (n) no (nasal vowel) neuf un O OI OU o wa u solo what soup rose Foie douze P PH p f pie phone un père pharmacie, téléphoner Q k pique la banque R R (‫)غ‬ (‫ خ‬in arabic) - Rouge Sucre (sukr) fiancé feu génial exprès, bête beau, eau le jambon S SC s sk s so scold science sucre Escale Les sciences T TH TI t t s t (like in English) toe tea silly tarte thé attention initiative (inisjativ) U UI u wee tu cuisine W v Wagon (vagon) X x gz express exit You can refer to the web site below :

Language a/o From an Indo-European vowel system with four phonemes, i, ε, α, u, there is a shift to a system with five phonemes, a, e, i, o, u, with a differentiation between the a/o timbres.

in Standard British English, ‘r’ is only pronounced when followed by a phonemic vowel, including linking-‘r’ as in /ðǝ 'fɪǝr ǝv ɪt/;

Sigils Sigils So how do i make sigil ?

If the base ends in any other voiced consonant sound (/d/,/b/,l/,/m/,/n/,/z/,/ð/,/g/ ,/ŋ/,/r/,/v/,/dʒ/ /ʒ/ ) or a vowel sound.

the vowel is usually reduced in the unstressed syllable of the verbs, but not in the unstressed syllable of nouns and adjectives (for a list of stress-alternating pairs, see Appendix IV.A).

an singular noun beginning with a vowel:

6 (consonant o) add –es (vowel o) –s tomato –tomatoes radio radios Irregular plural forms (exceptions)     Child Foot Man Woman  Mouse mice  Tooth teeth  Fish fish  _____ people (is always plural) (no s) children feet men women Countable and Uncountable nouns  Countable nouns a book books ,one book some books, many books, two books a lot of books a few books  Uncountable nouns money some money, much money, a lot of money a little money Types /Categories f uncountable nouns Types Examples Liquids milk, water, juice Abstracts advice, love, peace, luck, music Particles sand, coffee, rice ,beans, soya Raw materials gold, wood ,iron, Entities soap, bread, cheese, meat, money Verb Tenses  Simple present tense  Simple past I Work I Worked You Work You Worked He, she, it Works He, she, it Worked We Work We Worked You Work You Worked they work they worked  Simple future Another way to express the simple future I will work You will work He, she, it will work We will work You will work they will work I am going to work tomorrow.

Voiced sounds come from your throat. If you touch your neck when you   make a voiced sound, you can feel your voice box vibrate.   Examples of voiced sounds: “L”, “V”, “N”, “B” and all vowel sounds.                smell   smell/d/ Final –ed is pronounced /ed/ after “T”, and “D” sounds.  The sound /ed/ adds a whole syllable to a word   Example: Looked Æ look/t/ = one syllable                   Needed Æ need/ed/ = two syllables                decided    decide/ed/                needed    need/ed/                 wanted    want/ed                 invited    invite/ed        Final – ed is pronounced /t/ after all voiceless sounds.   Voiceless sounds are made by pushing air through your mouth; no sound   comes from your throat.   Examples of voiceless sounds : “K”, “P”, “S”, “Ch”, “Sh”, “F”     saved    save/d/  cleaned    clean/d/  robbed    rob/d/  played    play/d/      II. Plural Nouns & Present Tense: Use, Pronunciation and Spelling of Final “­s, ­es endings”   A final –s or –es is added to a noun to make the noun plural.   Friend = singular noun, Friends = plural noun         Noun   s: Friends are important  Noun   es: I like my classes     A final –s or –es is added to a present tense verb when the subject is a   singular noun (e.g., Mary, My father, the machine) or third person   (e.g., she, he, it)     Mary works = Singular           She works = Singular  The students work = plural      They work = plural         Verb   ‐S: Mary works at the bank  Verb   ‐ES: John watches birds                                                                     Pronunciation of –S, ­ES     Final –s is pronounced /s/ after voiceless sounds, as in “T”, “P”, and “K”      Final –s is pronounced /z/ after voiced sounds, as in “D”, “B”, “G” and “EE”   Final –s and –es are pronounced /ez/ after “SH,” “CH,” “S,” “Z,” and   “GE,”, “DGE”.     The /ez/ ending adds a syllable.                                                                    Spelling: Final –S vs. –ES    For most words (whether a verb or  noun), a final –s is added     Final –es is added to words ending with –SH, ­CH, ­S, ­Z, and –X.     For words ending in –Y: if –Y is preceded by vowel only –s is added  If –y is preceded by a consonant, the –y is changed to –i and –es is added.             This handout was compiled by Chen Che, ELS Student Facilitator (April 2009)        Source: Azar, B. (1999). Understanding and Using English Grammar (3rd ed.). Longman Press         seats   seat/s/ ropes   rope/s/                backs   back/s/         seeds   seed/z/ robes   robe/z/  bags   bag/z/                sees   see/z/         dishes   dish/ez/ catches   catch/ez/  kisses   kiss/ez/  mixes   mix/ez/   prizes   prize/ez/  edges   edge/ez/          sing   sings  song   songs         wash   washes watch   watches  class   classes  buzz   buzzes  box   boxes          toy   toys  buy   buys         baby  babies  cry   cries   

Oxford ■ a sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable, in which the sound begins as one vowel and moves towards another (as in coin, loud, and side).

To form the past tense of a regular verb ending with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u), add a d to the word.

2 Abbreviations A adj adv anim arc C CSR CSCR D f, fem G I inan L m, masc N n, neut pl sg V n/s PPP Ø // [] {} '' accusative adjective adverb animate archaic consonant Contemporary Standard Russian Contemporary Standard Colloquial Russian dative feminine genitive instrumental inanimate locative masculine nominative neuter plural singular vowel non-syllabic past passive participle zero desinence phonemic transcription phonetic transcription morphophonemic and morphological transcription English glosses 3 0.

- :Capital Letters A O B P C Q D R E S F T G U H V I W / J X K Y L Z :Small Letters a o b p c q d r e s f t .Vowel Letters ( g u h b I w ) M N / j x k y l z m n A,E,I,O,U .Consonant Letters - :Numbers of English :

third person singular Verb :to work I work You work He /she/it works We work They work The verb changes when you use the 3rd person Add an -s- ending to the verb 1) Add –s  Starts – stands – works – reads 2) Add –es (verbs end with :ch – sh – s – x – z – o )  Catches – goes – fixes – passes 3) Remove « y » and add –ies (verb ends with cansonent y)  Study – studies  Hurry – hurries 4) Add – s ( verb ends with a vowel y)  Stays – enjoys – decays II.

1 - While there are a number of similarities, diphthongs1 are not the same as a combination of a vowel and an approximant or glide2.

By the end of this file the learners should be able to  Report past events using simultaneous actions  Narrate  Inform about past events using time sequencers  Form words using the suffix 'tion'  Discriminate between vowel sounds  Write letters reporting events Step one:

VOWL, VFOF Both models synthesize vowel sounds.

our translation) Introduction Descendants of Métis from the eastern provinces of Canada are at present facing various accusations of being “ethnic frauds” and mere political opportunists from some of those within neo-nationalist Métis academic and activist circles.1 They are told that using the term “Métis” essentially amounts to “cultural appropriation.” And they argue that the term “Métis” should be reserved to the Red River Métis Nation descendants alone (by virtue of the transmission of some “matured” political consciousness that would have emerged only in the Prairies).2 It is also suggested that the ancestors of Eastern Métis have never used the term “Métis” until recently, thus confirming their alleged neo-colonialism and “wannabe” impulses (Vowel and Leroux 2016, Andersen 2016).